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Consequently, UNIX is very efficient at creating processes. At any given point, you can have many processes running on UNIX. UNIX is a multiprocessing, multiuser system. Each user may have several active processes at once, so on a large system, there may be hundreds or even thousands of processes running. UNIX is a multiprogramming system, so multiple, independent processes may be running at the same time. Most versions of UNIX allow a process to create additional threads once it starts executing. In other words, it has one program counter, which keeps track of the next instruction to be executed. However, the shell process on the computer running UNIX can connect to other computers to load third-party UIs.Įach process runs a single program and initially has a single thread of control. The operating system does not come with any default interface for user interaction. The UNIX operating system keeps track of the users and their processes and prevents processes from interfering with one another. When we log on to a computer running UNIX, a shell process is started to service our commands. There are some key differences between the two which we will discuss in this paper. Process management describes how the operating systems manage the multiple processes running at a particular instance of time.īoth operating systems provide complete isolation between simultaneous users. In addition, the process manager implements part of the operating system's protection and security.Ī process is usually defined as the instance of the running program. As a consequence of this goal, the process manager implements CPU sharing (called scheduling), process synchronization mechanisms, and a deadlock strategy. Much of the complexity of the operating system stems from the need for multiple processes to share the hardware at the same time. It does this by creating a model for the way the process uses CPU and any system resources. The process manager is of the four major parts of the operating system. Multiprogramming systems explicitly allow multiple processes to exist at any given time, where only one is using the CPU at any given moment, while the remaining processes are performing I/O or are waiting. To meet these requirements, the OS must maintain a data structure for each process, which describes the state and resource ownership of that process, and which enables the OS to exert control over each process. The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes. Process management is an integral part of any modern day operating system (OS). The Background Of The Operating System Information Technology Essay